Varanasi, often called one of the oldest living cities in the world, is a place where history, spirituality, and culture come together like nowhere else. Some historians say the city is over 5,000 years old, while others believe it could be even older. Either way, Varanasi's timeless beauty and deep-rooted charm have fascinated travelers for centuries.
If you're searching for a destination that feels sacred, soulful, and full of ancient wisdom, Varanasi is a place you must experience. Its spiritual energy is so powerful that many people who seek ultimate liberation (moksha) choose to spend their final days here. Special guesthouses called Mukti Bhavans welcome those who wish to peacefully leave this world in the holy city.
Because of its unmatched spiritual heritage, Varanasi is known as the Spiritual Capital of India. Every corner of the city breathes ancient history — from its winding alleys lined with temples to the timeless rituals along the banks of the Ganges River. According to legends, Lord Shiva himself founded the ancient city of Kashi (the original name for Varanasi), making it one of the holiest places on Earth.
For those on a spiritual path or anyone curious about Hindu philosophy and traditions, Varanasi promises an unforgettable journey. You can visit centuries-old temples, participate in sacred rituals, and even take a dip in the Ganges, which is believed to cleanse the soul of sins through the blessings of Goddess Ganga.
In Varanasi, every sunrise brings chants, bells, and the sweet scent of incense — a daily reminder that life and eternity dance hand-in-hand on these sacred shores.
Hindu Mythology
The city of Varanasi is immensely significant. Time and again Varanasi has been mentioned in various mythological stories. One such interesting anecdote about this city states a fight between Lord Brahma and Lord Shiva.
Once it happened, a furious fight ensued between Lord Brahma and Lord Shiva for some unknown reason. In between the fight, Lord Shiva chopped off one of the heads of Lord Brahma, thus vanquishing him.
As per a custom, the winner in the fight, that was Lord Shiva, in this case, got to carry the head of his opponent in his bare hands. However, when Lord Shiva was returning to Varanasi with his victory procession, the head dropped from his hands, disappearing into eternity. Because the head dropped in Varanasi, the city has been considered an extremely holy site by the devotees.
The Pandavas
Varanasi is considered to be one of the seven holy cities (the sapta puri) where one can attain Nirvana, aka Mukti, from the cycle of birth and death. The other six holy cities are Ayodhya, Mathura, Haridwar, Kanchi, Avanti, and Dwarka. It is believed that after defeating the Kauravas, even the Pandavas visited the city to seek Lord Shiva.
Connections with Ancient History
1. Trade - From the historical point of view, the city of Varanasi has always been popular for its high-quality silk and muslin fabrics along with perfumes, ivory, and sculpture.
2. Lord Buddha - It is believed that after attaining his enlightenment at Bodh Gaya, Lord Buddha had founded Buddhism religion at Varanasi. He even gave his first sermon about the Wheel of Dharma near Sarnath.
3. Xuanzang - It is believed that the famous Chinese traveler Xuanzang, also referred to as Hiuen Tsiang, visited Varanasi in 635 CE and found it to be a place of amazing religious intensity
Major Attractions of Varanasi
Famous Ghats of Varanasi
1. Dashashwamedh Ghat
Dashashwamedh Ghat's history describes that Lord Brahma performed the Dashashwamedh sacrifice here. Ever since it has become one of the most religious destinations among Hindus. The highlight of this ghat is the magnificent Ganga Aarti performed here during the evenings.
2. Assi Ghat
The Assi Ghat is sited at the bank of two rivers Assi and Ganga. Here, one can worship the large Shiva Lingam as well that is placed under a peepal tree. It has enormous spiritual significance and is even described in the Puranas and many mythological legends.
3.Manikarnika Ghat
The main cremation ghat where Hindus believe attaining moksha (liberation) is possible.
4.Harishchandra Ghat
Another cremation ghat with historical significance.
5.Panchganga Ghat
A confluence of five sacred rivers.
Temples in Varanasi
Varanasi is home to numerous temples, the most famous being:
1. Kashi Vishwanath Temple – One of the 12 Jyotirlingas dedicated to Lord Shiva.
2. Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple – Popular among Hanuman devotees.
3. Durga Temple (Monkey Temple) – A temple dedicated to Goddess Durga.
4. Annapurna Temple – Dedicated to Goddess Annapurna, the goddess of food and nourishment.
5. Tulsi Manas Mandir – Associated with Tulsidas, the writer of Ramcharitmanas.
Sarnath – The Buddhist Pilgrimage Site
Located about 10 km from Varanasi, Sarnath is where Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon. Key attractions include:
1. Dhamek Stupa – A massive stupa marking the spot of Buddha’s first sermon.
2. Chaukhandi Stupa – An important Buddhist monument.
3. Sarnath Museum – Houses relics and artifacts from the Mauryan period.
Cultural and Spiritual Experiences in Varanasi
1. Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat
The Ganga Aarti is a must-experience event in Varanasi. Every evening, priests perform a grand ritual with fire lamps, chanting, and music, creating a divine atmosphere.
2. Boat Ride on the Ganges
A sunrise or sunset boat ride on the Ganges is one of the best ways to experience the beauty of Varanasi’s ghats and witness daily rituals.
3. Exploring Varanasi’s Old City
Wandering through the narrow lanes of Varanasi, you’ll find ancient temples, street markets, and hidden gems that showcase the city’s vibrant culture.
4. Best Time to Visit Varanasi
The best time to visit Varanasi is:
- October to March – Pleasant weather, ideal for sightseeing.
- April to June – Hot summer, but less crowded.
- July to September – Monsoon season, offering lush greenery but occasional flooding of ghats.
Things to Keep in Mind While Visiting Varanasi
- Respect local traditions and dress modestly, especially at temples.
- Be mindful of the crowds in narrow alleys and ghats.
- Avoid swimming in the Ganges, as the water quality is poor.
- Stay cautious of scams and touts targeting tourists.
How to Reach Varanasi
For one and all, the city of Varanasi is the best place to visit in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Varanasi is located at an approximate distance of 850, 1,830, 1,400, and 700 km from Delhi, Bengaluru, Mumbai, and Kolkata respectively. Here is how you can reach Varanasi by public transportation.
By Air
To visit Varanasi, you can choose to travel via flight depending upon your convenience and your location. If you choose to travel by air, then you will need to deboard at Varanasi Airport aka Lal Bhadur Shastri Airport situated 26 km northwest of Varanasi. The airport has good overall connectivity with other Indian cities and in terms of passenger movement, this aerodrome is considered to be the 20th busiest airport in India. So, once you deboard at the airport, consider taking a cab to reach your respective destination.
Here is a list of Indian cities from where flights are available to Varanasi
By Train
If you are traveling via train, then you will have to deboard at the Varanasi Railway Station aka Banaras Junction (BSB), and then further take a cab or a bus to reach your destination. The station has good connectivity with other nearby states and cities.
By Road
You can also consider travelling to Varanasi by road via motorable roadways and national highways. Really, traveling to this spiritual city by road is quite a pure experience in itself. Varanasi has been well-connected by interstate buses from other regions. You can also consider booking a private bus to travel here at your convenience. Otherwise, if you want to travel at your own pace, then hiring a cab or self-drive is always the best option.
- From Agra - 643 km via Agra-Lucknow Expressway
- From Kanpur - 331 km via NH19
- From Patna - 256 km via NH31
Travel Tips by Adotrip for Varanasi
1. Stay Near the Ghats:
Choose a hotel or guesthouse close to the Dashashwamedh Ghat or Assi Ghat to experience the real essence of Varanasi, especially during the early morning aarti and evening rituals.
2. Respect Local Traditions:
Varanasi is a deeply spiritual city. Dress modestly, especially when visiting temples and sacred sites, and always ask permission before taking photos of rituals or locals.
3. Boat Ride on the Ganges:
Don’t miss a sunrise or sunset boat ride on the Ganges River. It's one of the most magical experiences, offering stunning views of the ancient ghats.
4. Attend the Ganga Aarti:
Witness the grand Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat — a mesmerizing ceremony of lights, chants, and devotion that happens every evening.
5. Explore Beyond the Ghats:
Visit the narrow lanes of the old city, discover hidden temples, try local street food like kachaudi sabzi and malaiyo (a winter delicacy), and soak in the vibe.
6. Stay Hydrated and Eat Wisely:
While street food is tempting, stick to hygienic places. Always carry bottled water and avoid raw foods if you're not used to them.
7. Be Mindful at Mukti Bhavans:
If you visit a Mukti Bhavan, remember it's a place of great emotional significance for many families. Maintain silence and respect the sanctity.
8. Explore Sarnath:
Just a short drive from Varanasi, Sarnath is where Lord Buddha gave his first sermon. It’s a peaceful spot that offers a beautiful contrast to Varanasi's energy.
9. Local Transport:
Use cycle rickshaws or walk whenever possible to explore the old city. The lanes are often too narrow for cars, and walking lets you soak in the true atmosphere.
Frequently Asked Questions about Varanasi
Q1. Why is Varanasi so famous?
A1. Varanasi is famous for being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world and the spiritual capital of India, known for its sacred ghats, temples, and the holy Ganges River.
Q2. What is the best time to visit Varanasi?
A2. The best time to visit Varanasi is between October and March when the weather is pleasant for sightseeing and outdoor activities.
Q3. How many days are enough to explore Varanasi?
A3. Ideally, 2 to 3 days are enough to experience the major attractions like the ghats, temples, Sarnath, and enjoy a boat ride on the Ganges.
Q4. What are the must-visit places in Varanasi?
A4. Some must-visit places include Dashashwamedh Ghat, Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Assi Ghat, Sarnath, Manikarnika Ghat, and Banaras Hindu University.
Q5. What is the Ganga Aarti and where can I see it?
A5. The Ganga Aarti is a grand spiritual ritual performed every evening at Dashashwamedh Ghat where priests offer prayers to the Ganges River with lamps, chants, and music.
Q6. Can tourists participate in rituals on the ghats?
A6. Yes, tourists can participate in rituals like Ganga puja, diya floating ceremonies, and even arrange for personal spiritual ceremonies with the help of local priests.
Q7. Is it safe to travel to Varanasi?
A7. Yes, Varanasi is generally safe for tourists. However, like any busy tourist place, it's advisable to stay alert, take care of your belongings, and avoid isolated areas at night.
Q8. What should I wear while visiting temples in Varanasi?
A8. Modest clothing is recommended. Wear outfits that cover shoulders and knees, and avoid leather accessories when entering temples.
Q9. Are there any special foods to try in Varanasi?
A9. Absolutely! Don't miss trying kachaudi sabzi, tamatar chaat, malaiyo (winter sweet), banarasi paan, and lassi at the local eateries.
Q10. How can I reach Varanasi?
A10. Varanasi is well-connected by air (Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport), rail, and road. You can easily get flights, trains, and buses from major Indian cities.
