Varanasi - The Spiritual Capital of India
Varanasi is considered one of the oldest cities in the world, with some historians saying it's around five thousand years old, and others believe it's even older. For centuries, the beauty and charm of Varanasi have been unmatched.
Today, if you're looking for a place that feels sacred and full of soul, Varanasi is the place to visit. The city's spiritual vibe is so powerful that many people, who seek spiritual liberation in this life, wish to die here. To do this, they stay in places called Mukti Bhavans, where elderly people spend their final days.
Because of its deep spiritual roots, Varanasi is often called the Spiritual Capital of India. The city is filled with ancient architecture and has a strong connection to the teachings of Vedanta. It's believed that Lord Shiva himself once walked on this land and founded the city of Kashi, which is now known as Varanasi.
If you're on a spiritual journey or want to learn more about Hinduism, visiting Varanasi can be life-changing. You can explore ancient temples, bathe in the holy Ganges River, and engage in practices that support your spiritual growth.
Many believe that taking a dip in the Ganges can purify the soul, as the grace of Goddess Ganga is said to wash away the sins of her devotees.
History of Varanasi
It won't be wrong to say that the city of Varanasi is all about history. Following are the most important part of the same.
Hindu Mythology
The city of Varanasi is immensely significant. Time and again Varanasi has been mentioned in various mythological stories. One such interesting anecdote about this city states a fight between Lord Brahma and Lord Shiva.
Once it happened, a furious fight ensued between Lord Brahma and Lord Shiva for some unknown reason. In between the fight, Lord Shiva chopped off one of the heads of Lord Brahma, thus vanquishing him.
As per a custom, the winner in the fight, that was Lord Shiva, in this case, got to carry the head of his opponent in his bare hands. However, when Lord Shiva was returning to Varanasi with his victory procession, the head dropped from his hands, disappearing into eternity. Because the head dropped in Varanasi, the city has been considered an extremely holy site by the devotees.
The Pandavas
Varanasi is considered to be one of the seven holy cities (the sapta puri) where one can attain Nirvana, aka Mukti, from the cycle of birth and death. The other six holy cities are Ayodhya, Mathura, Haridwar, Kanchi, Avanti, and Dwarka. It is believed that after defeating the Kauravas, even the Pandavas visited the city to seek Lord Shiva.
Connections with Ancient History
1. Trade - From the historical point of view, the city of Varanasi has always been popular for its high-quality silk and muslin fabrics along with perfumes, ivory, and sculpture.
2. Lord Buddha - It is believed that after attaining his enlightenment at Bodh Gaya, Lord Buddha had founded Buddhism religion at Varanasi. He even gave his first sermon about the Wheel of Dharma near Sarnath.
3. Xuanzang - It is believed that the famous Chinese traveler Xuanzang, also referred to as Hiuen Tsiang, visited Varanasi in 635 CE and found it to be a place of amazing religious intensity
Major Attractions of Varanasi
Famous Ghats of Varanasi
1. Dashashwamedh Ghat
Dashashwamedh Ghat's history describes that Lord Brahma performed the Dashashwamedh sacrifice here. Ever since it has become one of the most religious destinations among Hindus. The highlight of this ghat is the magnificent Ganga Aarti performed here during the evenings.
2. Assi Ghat
The Assi Ghat is sited at the bank of two rivers Assi and Ganga. Here, one can worship the large Shiva Lingam as well that is placed under a peepal tree. It has enormous spiritual significance and is even described in the Puranas and many mythological legends.
3.Manikarnika Ghat
The main cremation ghat where Hindus believe attaining moksha (liberation) is possible.
4.Harishchandra Ghat
Another cremation ghat with historical significance.
5.Panchganga Ghat
A confluence of five sacred rivers.
Temples in Varanasi
Varanasi is home to numerous temples, the most famous being:
1. Kashi Vishwanath Temple – One of the 12 Jyotirlingas dedicated to Lord Shiva.
2. Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple – Popular among Hanuman devotees.
3. Durga Temple (Monkey Temple) – A temple dedicated to Goddess Durga.
4. Annapurna Temple – Dedicated to Goddess Annapurna, the goddess of food and nourishment.
5. Tulsi Manas Mandir – Associated with Tulsidas, the writer of Ramcharitmanas.
Sarnath – The Buddhist Pilgrimage Site
Located about 10 km from Varanasi, Sarnath is where Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon. Key attractions include:
1. Dhamek Stupa – A massive stupa marking the spot of Buddha’s first sermon.
2. Chaukhandi Stupa – An important Buddhist monument.
3. Sarnath Museum – Houses relics and artifacts from the Mauryan period.
Cultural and Spiritual Experiences in Varanasi
Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat
The Ganga Aarti is a must-experience event in Varanasi. Every evening, priests perform a grand ritual with fire lamps, chanting, and music, creating a divine atmosphere.
Boat Ride on the Ganges
A sunrise or sunset boat ride on the Ganges is one of the best ways to experience the beauty of Varanasi’s ghats and witness daily rituals.
Exploring Varanasi’s Old City
Wandering through the narrow lanes of Varanasi, you’ll find ancient temples, street markets, and hidden gems that showcase the city’s vibrant culture.
Best Time to Visit Varanasi
The best time to visit Varanasi is:
- October to March – Pleasant weather, ideal for sightseeing.
- April to June – Hot summer, but less crowded.
- July to September – Monsoon season, offering lush greenery but occasional flooding of ghats.
Things to Keep in Mind While Visiting Varanasi
- Respect local traditions and dress modestly, especially at temples.
- Be mindful of the crowds in narrow alleys and ghats.
- Avoid swimming in the Ganges, as the water quality is poor.
- Stay cautious of scams and touts targeting tourists.
How to Reach Varanasi
For one and all, the city of Varanasi is the best place to visit in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Varanasi is located at an approximate distance of 850, 1,830, 1,400, and 700 km from Delhi, Bengaluru, Mumbai, and Kolkata respectively. Here is how you can reach Varanasi by public transportation.
By Air
To visit Varanasi, you can choose to travel via flight depending upon your convenience and your location. If you choose to travel by air, then you will need to deboard at Varanasi Airport aka Lal Bhadur Shastri Airport situated 26 km northwest of Varanasi. The airport has good overall connectivity with other Indian cities and in terms of passenger movement, this aerodrome is considered to be the 20th busiest airport in India. So, once you deboard at the airport, consider taking a cab to reach your respective destination.
Here is a list of Indian cities from where flights are available to Varanasi
By Train
If you are traveling via train, then you will have to deboard at the Varanasi Railway Station aka Banaras Junction (BSB), and then further take a cab or a bus to reach your destination. The station has good connectivity with other nearby states and cities.
By Road
You can also consider travelling to Varanasi by road via motorable roadways and national highways. Really, traveling to this spiritual city by road is quite a pure experience in itself. Varanasi has been well-connected by interstate buses from other regions. You can also consider booking a private bus to travel here at your convenience. Otherwise, if you want to travel at your own pace, then hiring a cab or self-drive is always the best option.
- From Agra - 643 km via Agra-Lucknow Expressway
- From Kanpur - 331 km via NH19
- From Patna - 256 km via NH31
Frequently Asked Questions about Varanasi
Q1: What is Varanasi famous for?
A1: Varanasi is famous for being one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world, its spiritual significance in Hinduism, the sacred Ganges River, ancient temples, and vibrant cultural traditions.
Q2: Why is Varanasi considered the Spiritual Capital of India?
A2: Varanasi is often called the Spiritual Capital of India because of its deep roots in Hindu spirituality. The city is home to numerous temples, ashrams, and spiritual practices, and it is believed that attaining liberation (moksha) is possible here.
Q3: What is the significance of the Ganges River in Varanasi?
A3: The Ganges River is considered holy in Hinduism, and many people believe that bathing in its waters can purify the soul and wash away sins. The ghats along the river in Varanasi are important sites for rituals, prayer, and spiritual practices.
Q4: What are Mukti Bhavans in Varanasi?
A4: Mukti Bhavans are special places in Varanasi where elderly people stay during their final days, seeking spiritual liberation (moksha). It is believed that dying in Varanasi can lead to salvation.
Q5: Which are the must-visit temples in Varanasi?
A5: Some of the must-visit temples in Varanasi include the Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple, Durga Temple, and the Bharat Mata Temple.
Q6: How can I experience the spiritual essence of Varanasi?
A6: To experience the spiritual essence of Varanasi, you can visit the ancient temples, take part in the Ganga Aarti ceremony at the ghats, meditate at ashrams, and take a dip in the holy Ganges River.
Q7: What is the best time to visit Varanasi?
A7: The best time to visit Varanasi is from October to March when the weather is cooler and more comfortable for exploring the city and its many spiritual sites.
Q8: Is Varanasi safe for tourists?
A8: Yes, Varanasi is generally safe for tourists. However, like any other city, it’s important to be aware of your surroundings, avoid isolated areas at night, and take care of your belongings.
Q9: What are the main cultural events in Varanasi?
A9: Varanasi hosts several cultural events, including the Ganga Mahotsav, Dev Deepawali, and the famous festival of Holi. These events showcase the city's vibrant traditions and spiritual heritage.
Q10: Can I take a boat ride on the Ganges in Varanasi?
A10: Yes, taking a boat ride on the Ganges is a popular activity in Varanasi. Early morning boat rides offer stunning views of the sunrise over the ghats, and evening rides allow you to witness the Ganga Aarti ceremony from the river.
